Nature of Emeralds

Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl coloured green by having traces of chromium presents and occasionally. Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale.

The word "emerald" is derived (via Old French: esmeraude and Middle English: emeraude), from Vulgar Latin: esmaralda/esmaraldus, a variant of Latin smaragdus, which was via Ancient Greek: σμάραγδος (smáragdos; "green gem") from a Semitic language.

The process of emerald formation begins with the interaction of hot, mineral-rich fluids with the host rock. These fluids are usually created by the metamorphic processes that occur when rocks are subjected to high temperaturs and pressures. During this process, the fluids penerates the host rock, dissolving the minerals within it and carrying them away. As the fluids cool, they deposit the dissolved minerals in cracks and fissures in the rick, forming veins of emerald.